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Confined Space Critical Risk

Confined Space Entry — Permit & Plan

Last updated: 10 January 2026

The Hazard

Confined spaces (tanks, pits, manholes, vessels) can contain toxic atmosphere, oxygen deficiency, or engulfment hazards. Workers die in confined spaces because they rush in to rescue a colleague without PPE or atmosphere testing.

Talking Points

  1. 1 A confined space permit is MANDATORY before entry — no exceptions
  2. 2 Atmosphere testing required before entry: oxygen (19.5-23.5%), flammable gases (<5% LEL), toxic gases (CO <10ppm, H2S <5ppm)
  3. 3 Always test from outside using extended probe — do not lean into the space
  4. 4 Test continuously throughout work — conditions can change (stagnant air, disturbed sediments)
  5. 5 Continuous ventilation required — mechanical exhaust preferred over natural ventilation
  6. 6 Attendant must maintain communication and be stationed outside at all times — never leave attendant alone
  7. 7 Rescuer must have full PPE and be trained in confined space rescue — never enter without independent escape equipment
  8. 8 Know the emergency response procedure before you enter — do not just read it after

Control Measures

  • Confined space entry permit system with tag-in/tag-out register
  • Gas detection equipment calibrated and pre-checked before use
  • Mechanical ventilation running continuously — confirm air movement at worker's breathing zone
  • Rescue equipment on standby (tripod, harness, lifeline, SCBA if required)
  • Attendant trained in monitoring, communication, and emergency initiation — has no other duties during entry

WorkSafe Reference

Safe Work Australia — Confined Spaces Code of Practice; WHS Regulation 2011 Part 4.3; AS/NZS 2865:2001

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